Forschungsschwerpunkt_Buerkle

The SPH code turboSPH is a weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics code developed at ITS.

With turboSPH, the Lagrangian Navier-Stokes equations are solved without having to mesh the computational domain. At ITS, the SPH particle method is mainly used for the numerical investigation of complex two-phase flows in turbomachinery or related applications. The code is implemented in C++ and MPI and contains tools for pre- and post-processing of simulation data.

Gallery

Here you can find some of our simulations with turboSPH. Further explanations can be found in the related research topics.

Primary decay of a planar, film-legendary airblast atomizer

The video shows the simulation of a primary decay process of a generic, film-legendary airblast atomizer. Several decay events could be captured, which are also known from experimental work. To date, this simulation with a total of 1.2 billion particles and a spatial resolution of 5 µm is one of the largest calculations within the atomization community. Since the turboSPH code is massively parallelized, a physical time window in the order of ~100 dwell times could be simulated with comparably low computational effort.

The work demonstrates that reliable simulations of air-assisted atomizers are now possible.

The video is part of the work published in High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering by Braun et al. (2016). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47066-5_22

Primary decay of an industrial airblast atomizer

The video shows a reconstructed phase boundary of a simulation of a fuel nozzle carried out with turboSPH. This is the world's first 3D-SPH simulation of the fuel spray of a realistic nozzle geometry of a turbofan engine.

The simulation was carried out with 1200 CPUs over a period of several months. With a resolution of 8 µm, the spatial discretization results in a total number of half a billion particles.

The video is part of Dr. Koch's keynote presentation at the MCS.

Oil jet-gear interaction

In order to exploit the potential advantages of new types of aircraft engines with high bypass ratios and thus realize more efficient and environmentally friendly aircraft engines, the use of a high-performance gearbox is required. Knowledge of how the oil spreads after the oil jets hit the gear flanks is important to ensure reliable cooling and lubrication of the gearbox.

The video shows a 3D simulation of the oil jet-gear interaction achieved with turboSPH. Due to the Lagrangian nature of the SPH method, the strong deformation of the oil phase is accurately captured and the gear rotation is computationally efficiently simulated (compared to conventional grid-based methods). Due to the high level of detail of the simulation result, new quantitative insights into this complex flow process could be gained.

The video is part of the work published in the Journal of Tribology by Keller et al. (2019) DOI: 10.1115/1.4043640

Lagrangian coherent structures

One of the advantages of the SPH method is the much more cost-effective identification of "Lagrangian coherent structures" (LCS) in flows using the "Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponent" (FTLE). This scalar value describes the deposition rate with respect to neighboring particles over a finite time interval, which can be used as a diagnostic tool to analyze vortex and interface dynamics.

At ITS, we have developed our own post-processing tool, postAtom, to analyze the data generated by turboSPH simulations on a large scale. Such analysis allows us to identify vortex structures at different length scales along with their temporal evolution, providing a unique insight into the local atomization phenomena and the possibility to trace the influence of geometric variations.

The video is part of the work published in Energies by Dauch et al. (2019). DOI: 10.3390/en12132552

Research focus

Atomization

Turbomachinery flows

Method development

  • Multiphase contact angle and surface tension effects in SPH
  • Spatial adaptivity in SPH
  • Vortex dynamics in SPH
  • High performance computing with SPH

Other topics

  • High pressure homogenization
  • Manufacturing process of discontinuously reinforced fiber composites
  • Charge change of a piston engine
  • Cooling, lubrication and transportation in machining processes

Soruces and relevant publications


Journal Articles
Influence of the ambient pressure on the liquid accumulation and on the primary spray in prefilming airblast atomization
Chaussonnet, G.; Gepperth, S.; Holz, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H. J.
2020. International journal of multiphase flow, 125, 103229. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103229
Air-Assisted Atomization at Constant Mass and Momentum Flow Rate: Investigation into the Ambient Pressure Influence With the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Chaussonnet, G.; Joshi, S.; Wachter, S.; Koch, R.; Jakobs, T.; Kolb, T.; Bauer, H.-J.
2020. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, 142 (3), Art.Nr. 031019. doi:10.1115/1.4044968
Progress in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method to Simulate and Post-process Numerical Simulations of Annular Airblast Atomizers
Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Keller, M.; Okraschevski, M.; Ates, C.; Schwitzke, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2020. Flow, turbulence and combustion, 105, 1119–1147. doi:10.1007/s10494-020-00174-6
A Holistic View on Urea Injection for NOx Emission Control: Impingement, Re-atomization, and Deposit Formation
Dörnhöfer, J.; Börnhorst, M.; Ates, C.; Samkhaniani, N.; Pfeil, J.; Wörner, M.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.; Deutschmann, O.; Frohnapfel, B.; Koch, T.
2020. Emission control science and technology, 6, 228–243. doi:10.1007/s40825-019-00151-0
Numerical prediction of air-assisted primary atomization using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Holz, S.; Dauch, T. F.; Keller, M. C.; Chaussonnet, G.; Gepperth, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. International journal of multiphase flow, 114, 303–315. doi:10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2019.03.008
Toward the development of a virtual spray test-rig using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method
Chaussonnet, G.; Braun, S.; Dauch, T.; Keller, M.; Sänger, A.; Jakobs, T.; Koch, R.; Kolb, T.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Computers & fluids, 180, 68–81. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2019.01.010
Close Nozzle Spray Characteristics of a Prefilming Airblast Atomizer
Holz, S.; Braun, S.; Chaussonnet, G.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Energies, 12 (14), 2835. doi:10.3390/en12142835
Analyzing the Interaction of Vortex and Gas–Liquid Interface Dynamics in Fuel Spray Nozzles by Means of Lagrangian-Coherent Structures (2D)
Dauch, T. F.; Ates, C.; Rapp, T.; Keller, M. C.; Chaussonnet, G.; Kaden, J.; Okraschevski, M.; Koch, R.; Dachsbacher, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Energies, 12 (13), Article: 2552. doi:10.3390/en12132552
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of Oil-jet Gear Interaction
Keller, M. C.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T. F.; Koch, R.; Schwitzke, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Journal of tribology, 141 (7), Art.-Nr. 071703. doi:10.1115/1.4043640
Highly efficient computation of Finite-Time Lyapunov Exponents (FTLE) on GPUs based on three-dimensional SPH datasets
Dauch, T. F.; Rapp, T.; Chaussonnet, G.; Braun, S.; Keller, M. C.; Kaden, J.; Koch, R.; Dachsbacher, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2018. Computers & fluids, 175, 129–141. doi:10.1016/j.compfluid.2018.07.015
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of an Air-Assisted Atomizer Operating at High Pressure: Influence of Non-Newtonian Effects
Chaussonnet, G.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.; Sänger, A.; Jakobs, T.; Kolb, T.
2018. Journal of fluids engineering, 140 (6), Art. Nr.: 061301. doi:10.1115/1.4038753
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Numerical Predictions of Primary Atomization
Braun, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. Innovatives Supercomputing in Deutschland, 15 (1), 56–60
Time-Response of Recent Prefilming Airblast Atomization Models in an Oscillating Air Flow Field
Chaussonnet, G.; Müller, A.; Holz, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power, 139 (12), Art. Nr. 121501. doi:10.1115/1.4037325
Prediction of primary atomization using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Koch, R.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. European journal of mechanics / B, 61 (Part 2), 271–278. doi:10.1016/j.euromechflu.2016.10.007
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation of a high-pressure homogenization process
Wieth, L.; Kelemen, K.; Braun, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H. J.; Schuchmann, H. P.
2016. Microfluidics and nanofluidics, 20 (2), 42. doi:10.1007/s10404-016-1705-6
Book Chapters
3D Predictions of the Primary Breakup of Fuel in Spray Nozzles for Aero Engines
Dauch, T. F.; Chaussonnet, G.; Keller, M. C.; Okraschevski, M.; Ates, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2022. W. E. Nagel, D. H. Kröner & M. M. Resch (Eds.), High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’20 Hrsg.: Nagel, Wolfgang E.; Kröner, Dietmar H.; Resch, Michael M., 419–433, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-80602-6_27
Application of the SPH Method to Predict Primary Breakup in Complex Geometries
Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Braun, S.; Keller, M.; Kaden, J.; Schwitzke, C.; Jakobs, T.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’ 18 – Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2018. Ed.: W. Nagel, 309–322, Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-13325-2_19
Conference Papers
Influence of the Flow Physics on the Load Balancing During SPH Simulations
Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Keller, M.; Okraschevski, M.; Ates, C.; Schwitzke, C.; Bauer, R. K. H.-J.
2021. W. E. Nagel, D. H. Kröner & M. M. Resch (Eds.), High performance computing in science and engineering ’19 : transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2019. Ed.: W. E. Nagel, 463–477, Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66792-4_31
Progress in the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method to simulate and post-process spray generation
Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Keller, M.; Okraschevski, M.; Ates, C.; Schwitzke, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. 10th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Rio de Janeiro, BR, May 19-24, 2019
Air-Assisted Atomization at Constant Mass and Momentum Flow Rate: Investigation of the Ambient Pressure Influence with the SPH Method
Chaussonnet, G.; Joshi, S.; Wachter, S.; Koch, R.; Jakobs, T.; Kolb, T.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition (GT2019), The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115/GT2019-90372
Analyzing Primary Breakup in Fuel Spray Nozzles by Means of Lagrangian-Coherent Structures
Dauch, T. F.; Ates, C.; Rapp, T.; Keller, M. C.; Chaussonnet, G.; Kaden, J.; Okraschevski, M.; Koch, R.; Dachsbacher, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Proceedings of the 14th SPHERIC International Workshop, Exeter, UK, June 25-27, 2019, 120–127
Prediction of primary atomization using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Koch, R.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Bauer, H.-J.
2019. Open Archives of the 16th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena and Dynamics of Rotating Machinery (ISROMAC), Honolulu, , Hawaii, 10-15 April 2016, 75 S
Development of a Second-Order Corrector for an Accurate Laplacian Operator in SPH
Wirth, M.; Chaussonnet, G.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2018. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress - Luft- und Raumfahrt – Digitalisierung und Vernetzung (DGLR), Friedrichshafen, Germany, 4. - 6. September 2018
Numerische Simulation der Ölstrahl-Zahnrad-Interaktion bei Flugtriebwerken mit hohem Nebenstromverhältnis: Stand der Forschung
Keller, M. C.; Schwitzke, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2018. Ideen und Innovationen für die Energie von morgen : Wissenschaftliche Beiträge des KIT zu den Jahrestagungen 2014, 2016 und 2017 des KIT-Zentrums Energie. Hrsg.: W. Breh, 75–82, KIT Scientific Publishing. doi:10.5445/IR/1000085339
New Insights in the Primary Breakup Process of Prefilming Airblast Atomizers by SPH Predictions
Holz, S.; Braun, S.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Kaden, J.; Keller, M.; Schwitzke, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2018. ICLASS 2018: 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Chicago, Ill, July 22-26, 2018, ILASS-Americas
Investigation of the liquid accumulation characteristics in planar prefilming airblast atomization
Chaussonnet, G.; Laroche, T.; Lieber, C.; Holz, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2018. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems (ICLASS2018), Chicago, IL, July 22-26, 2018
Three-dimensional SPH simulation of a twin-fluid atomizer operating at high pressure [in press]
Chaussonnet, G.; Braun, S.; Dauch, T.; Keller, M.; Kaden, J.; Jakobs, T.; Schwitzke, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2018. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Liquid Atomization & Spray Systems (ICLASS2018), Chicago, IL, July 22-26, 2018
Time-Response of Recent Prefilming Airblast Atomization Models in an Oscillating Air Flow Field
Chaussonnet, G.; Müller, A.; Holz, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference & Exposition, Volume 4 A : Combustion, Fuels and Emissions, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 26th - 30th June 2017, Art.Nr. GT2017–63041, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115/GT2017-63041
HPC Predictions of Primary Atomization with SPH : Validation and Comparison to Experimental Results
Braun, S.; Holz, S.; Wieth, L.; Dauch, T. F.; Keller, M. C.; Chaussonnet, G.; Schwitzke, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. 12th International SPHERIC Workshop, Ourense, E, June 13-15, 2017
SPH Simulation of an Air-Assisted Atomizer Operating at High Pressure : Influence of Non-Newtonian Effects
Chaussonnet, G.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.; Sänger, A.; Jakobs, T.; Kolb, T.
2017. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference & Exposition, Volume 3 : Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels, Cycle Innovations; Electric Power, Industrial and Cogeneration Applications, Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 26th - 30th June 2017, Art.Nr. GT2017–63033, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115/GT2017-63033
Computational Prediction of Primary Breakup in Fuel Spray Nozzles for Aero-Engine Combustors
Dauch, T. F.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Keller, M. C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. ILASS 2017 : 28th European Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Valencia, Spain, 6th - 8th September 2017, Editorial Universidad Politècnica de València (Editorial UPV). doi:10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4693
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulation of Oil-Jet Gear Interaction
Keller, M. C.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T. F.; Koch, R.; Schwitzke, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. Proceedings of ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition : Volume 2B - Turbomachinery, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, 26th - 30th June 2017, Art.Nr. GT2017–63594, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115/GT2017-63594
Preprocessing Workflow for the Initialization of SPH Predictions based on Arbitrary CAD Models
Dauch, T. F.; Okraschevski, M.; Keller, M. C.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2017. 12th International SPHERIC Workshop, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain, 13th - 15th June 2017
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics for Numerical Predictions of Primary Atomization
Braun, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2016. High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’16 - Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2016. Ed.: W. Nagel, 321–336, Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47066-5_22
Modeling of the Deformation Dynamics of Single and Twin Fluid Droplets Exposed to Aerodynamic Loads
Wieth, L.; Braun, S.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T. F.; Keller, M.; Höfler, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2016. High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ’16 - Transactions of the High Performance Computing Center, Stuttgart (HLRS) 2016. Ed.: W. Nagel, 301–320, Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47066-5_21
Numerical Modeling of Oil-Jet Lubrication for Spur Gears using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Keller, M. C.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Dauch, T.; Koch, R.; Höfler, C.; Bauer, H.-J.
2016. Proceedings of the 11th International SPHERIC Workshop, Munich, June 13-16, 2016, 69–76
Computation of liquid fuel atomization and mixing by means of the SPH method: Application to a jet engine fuel nozzle
Dauch, T.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Chaussonnet, G.; Keller, M.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2016. ASME Turbo Expo 2016 : Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Seoul, South Korea, June 13-17, 2016, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115/GT2016-56023
SPH Simulation of a Twin-Fluid Atomizer Operating with a High Viscosity Liquid
Chaussonnet, G.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Kolb, T.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.; Sänger, A.; Jakobs, T.; Djordjevic, N.
2015. 13th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (ICLASS 2015), Tainan, TWN, August 23 - 27, 2015. Ed.: T. Lin, 1–8, National Cheng Kung University. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4320.7128
Influence of Trailing Edge Height on Primary Atomization : Numerical Studies Applying the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method
Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2015. ICLASS 2015, 13th Triennial International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, Tainan, Taiwan, 23-27 August 2015, Art. Nr. D1–2
A Framework for Permeable Boundary Conditions in SPH : Inlet, Outlet, Periodicity
Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2015. Proceedings of the 10th Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics European Research Interest Community Workshop (SPHERIC 2015), Parma, Italy, 16-18 June 2015, Monte Università Parma Editore
Influence of particle disorder and smoothing length on SPH operator accuracy
Chaussonnet, G.; Braun, S.; Wieth, L.; Bauer, H.-J.
2015. Proceedings of the 10th Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics European Research Interest Community Workshop (SPHERIC 2015), Parma, Italy, 16-18 June 2015, Monte Università Parma Editore. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3115.1448
Simulation of Primary Atomization: Assessment of the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method
Braun, S.; Krug, M.; Wieth, L.; Höfler, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2015. ICLASS 2015 / 13th International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems : August 23-27, 2015, Tainan, Taiwan. Ed.: Ta-Hui Lin
Numerical Modeling of an Aero-Engine Bearing Chamber Using the Meshless Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method
Wieth, L.; Lieber, C.; Kurz, W.; Braun, S.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2015. ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition, GT 2015, Montreal, CDN, June 15 - 19, 2015. Vol. 2 B, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). doi:10.1115/GT2015-42316
Entwicklung eines Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Codes zur numerischen Berechnung des Primärzerfalls an Brennstoffeinspritzdüsen
Höfler, C.; Koch, R.; Bauer, H.-J.
2010. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2010 : Hamburg, 31. August - 2. September 2010 ; Tagungsband, CD-ROM, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DGLR)
Master's Theses
Development of a second-order corrector for an accurate Laplacian operator in SPH method. master’s thesis
Wirth, M.
2017. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
SPH simulation of a Twin-Fluid Atomizer Operating with a High Viscosity Fluid at High Pressure. master’s thesis
Zimmermann, M.
2016. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Numerical evaluation of strategies to avoid holes formations in SPH simulations without background pressure. master’s thesis
Puchault, C.
2015. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Implementation of Non-Reflecting Boundary Conditions into SuperSPH. master’s thesis
Langot, J.
2015. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Evaluierung von Korrekturalgorithmen für eine verbesserte Druckberechnung mit der WCSPH-Methode. master’s thesis
Klauber, D.
2015. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Studie über den Sekundärzerfall eines Kraftstofftropfens mit hilfe der Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Methode. master’s thesis
Holder, R.
2015. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Bachelor's Theses
Analyse des Primärzerfalls anhand von 2D SPH Simulationen eines luftgestützten filmlegenden Kraftstoffzerstäubers. bachelor’s thesis
Rahimi, M.
2017. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Validierung eines nicht-Newtonischen Modells in einer Gegenstrom Anordnung mit der SPH Methode. bachelor’s thesis
Singhal, D.
2017. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Experimentelle Validierung eines nicht-Newtonischen Modells in der SPH Methode. bachelor’s thesis
Zheng, X.
2017. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Validation of a SPH Code in the configuration of a Liquid Film Sheared by a Gaseous Flow. bachelor’s thesis
Sekercioglu, F.
2016. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Erweiterung eines Smoothed Particle Hydrodanimcs Codes zur Simulation von Strömungen mit freien Oberflächen. bachelor’s thesis
Hagg, D.
2016. Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)